54 PTS | SEKUNDARSTUFE 2 | ASO | ATLANTEN | SEKUNDARSTUFE 1 GEOGRAPHIE UND WIRTSCHAFTLICHE BILDUNG > Adventures in Geography 79 Adventures in Geography 4, © Hölzel Verlag, Wien The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the UN On September 25th, 2015 countries adopted a set of goals to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all as part of a new sustainable development agenda. Each goal has specific targets to be achieved by 2030. For the goals to be reached, everyone needs to do their part: governments, the private sector, civil society and people like you and me. Figure 2: The sustainable development goals of the UN www.un.org, PD Task 1: Explain the different forms of development aid. Task 2: Name some problems that can occur when helping developing countries. Task 3: Write down three of the 17 SDGs which are most important for you. Vocabulary: donor countries = Geberländer emergency aid = Notfallshilfe grants = Zuschüsse livelihood = Lebensunterhalt loans = Kredite sustainable development = nachhaltige Entwicklung 6.3 New forms of development aid 78 Adventures in Geography 4, © Hölzel Verlag, Wien Bilateral Aid = given directly by the government of one country to another one Advantage: low administration costs Disadvantage: political pressure and influence, assistance of corrupt rulers Nongovernmental Aid = given by voluntary nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) Advantage: fast and flexible help Disadvantage: relatively small aid Development Aid: People in developing countries should be enabled to help themselves, not only by financial aid (grants,loans..), but also by technical aid (machines, tractors...) and manpower (engineers, doctors, teachers...). Emergency Aid: Help given in cases of national emergency, for example after natural disasters, like the big earthquake in Haiti in 2010. SOURCES OF AID GIVERS TYPES OF AID Multilateral Aid = given to a country by other countries indirectly through international institutions, e.g. the UN Advantage: no direct political influence, no assistance of corrupt rulers or military help Disadvantage: higher administrative costs Governments Taxes Individuals Voluntary Contributions Official Development Aid (ODA) Figure 1: The different forms of development aid Arguments for and against giving aid For Against Emergency aid in times of disaster saves lives. Aid can increase the dependency of LEDCs on donor countries. Sometimes aid is not a gift, but a loan, and poor countries may struggle to repay. Aid helps rebuild livelihoods and housing after a disaster. Corruption may lead to local politicians using aid for their own private needs or for political gain. Provision of medical training, medicines and equipment can improve health and standards of living. Aid can be used to put political or economic pressure on the receiving country. The country may end up owing a donor country or organisation a favour. Aid for agriculture can help increase food production and so improve the quality and quantity of food available. Sometimes projects do not benefit smaller farmers as projects are often large scale. Industrial development can create jobs and improve transport infrastructure. Infrastructure projects may end up benefitting employers more than employees. Aid can support countries to develop their natural resources and power supplies. It may be a condition of the investment that the projects are run by foreign companies or that a proportion of the resources or profits will be sent abroad. Clean water projects can lead to improved health and living standards. Some development projects may lead to food and water costing more. (Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/development/aid_rev2.shtml) 71 Fig. 2: Banana plantation 5.2 Tropical crops for the world – bananas Vocabulary: (to) arrive = ankommen attack = Angriff banana bunch = Bananenbüschel crop = Anbaufrucht (to) harvest = ernten on castors = auf Rollen pesticides = Schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel plantation = Plantage (to) remove = entfernen ripe bananas = reife Bananen rubber = Gummi/ Kautschuk voyage = Reise Fig. 1: Banana plant with fruits Task 1: Name the two types of bananas: Task 2: Write down where are bananas grown. What are bananas? Bananas are tropical crops which need a lot of warmth and rainfall. There are two types of bananas: fruit bananas and cooking bananas (musas). A banana bush is between 5 and10 metres high and has 10 to12 “banana hands”, with 14 to 18 “banana fingers” on each hand. Fruit bananas are mostly grown on plantations. i What is a plantation? This is a farm in the tropical zone where crops are produced on large fields. Plantations normally specialize in just one single crop, for example bananas, tea, coffee, rubber, etc. i Sidhick / CC0 1.0 Universal AfricaTravelAssociation / CC BY 2.0 Adventures in Geography 1, © Hölzel Verlag, Wien 70 Fonds Gesundes Österreich Fig. 1: The Austrian Food Pyramid Task 1: Put the following terms on the correct shelves of the Austrian Food Pyramid: water – tea – fruit juice – fruits – vegetables – bread – cereals – potatoes – noodles – milk – cheese – eggs – yoghurt – olive oil – fish – meat – butter – whipped cream – sweets – ice cream – cake – fries Task 2: Compare your own eating habits with the Austrian Food Pyramid: What are your favourite dishes? Task 3: Use the pattern below and create a table in your notebook where you keep a record of your daily eating habits: My breakfast My lunch My dinner My snacks during breaks ... ... ... ... 5. FOOD FOR THE WORLD 5.1 My personal eating habits What is a food pyramid? A food pyramid shows the types of foods and drinks people should consume for a healthy and balanced diet. At the top of the pyramid you will always find the things we should eat only occasionally and in very small quantities, like sweets, fatty snacks, or junk food. At the bottom shelves of the pyramid you will find the things which are good for us and should be on our plates as often as possible. i ....................................................................... ....................................................................... ....................................................................... ....................................................................... ....................................................................... ....................................................................... ....................................................................... Adventures in Geography 1, © Hölzel Verlag, Wien Adventures in Geography 1–4 Sonnenberg Klasse: 1.–4. E E-Book Erstes GW-Buch auf Englisch auch nach dem neuen österreichischem Lehrplan „Adventures in Geography“ bietet als erstes GW-Buch auf Englisch nach österreichischem Lehrplan den idealen Einstieg in EAA der Unterstufe. Alle Texte wurden von Native Speakern überprüft. Weitere Highlights sind: → Kurze Themenblöcke werden durch Fragen erschlossen. → Wortschatz und Grammatik sind an das Niveau der Unterstufe angepasst. → Jedes Kapitel bietet Arbeitsaufgaben, Verständnisübungen u.v.m. und zur Textentlastung eine „VOCABULARY“-Liste. → Die Arbeit mit dem Atlas wird immer wieder gefordert. → „Do it in English“ ist die erfolgreiche Fortsetzung für die Oberstufe. → Vielzahl von differenzierten Aufgaben zu jeder Basisinformations-Doppelseite Neu! Titel SBNR ISBN Preis Adventures in Geography 1 215010 978-3-99068-692-8 € 17,00 Adventures in Geography 2 215750 978-3-99068-583-9 € 16,00 Adventures in Geography 3 220690 978-3-99068-716-1 € 20,00 Adventures in Geography 4 225781 978-3-7068-7934-7 € 21,00
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